More than a decade after Vatican II's groundbreaking declaration on Jewish-Christian relations, evidence reveals both remarkable progress and persistent challenges in reforming Christian teaching about Judaism. Analysis of educational materials from St. Louis and Yale Universities identifies three critical areas of historical distortion: the "deicide" charge, Jewish-Christian covenant relationships, and Pharisaic representation. Through examination of textbook revisions and theological scholarship by Rosemary Ruether, Monika Hellwig, Gregory Baum, and E.P. Sanders, a complex picture emerges. While mainstream Christian education has largely eliminated the deicide accusation—marking the dialogue's greatest achievement—significant obstacles remain. The relationship between Jewish and Christian covenants demands fundamental reconsideration of Christian self-definition, and persistent mischaracterization of the Pharisees continues to distort understanding of biblical Judaism. Although initial post-Vatican II enthusiasm has tempered, dialogue now reaches deeper into grassroots communities with unprecedented substance. The research highlights two modern catalysts demanding increased attention: the Holocaust and Israel as consciousness-forming realities. Moreover, recognizing Pharisaic contributions to early Christianity proves essential for authentic church renewal and accurate New Testament interpretation.