Jewish communities have maintained a complex and often misunderstood presence in Mexico since the colonial era, with their history clouded by persistent myths and limited documentation. Through extensive analysis of Mexican National Archives' Inquisition records and seven years of in-depth sociological fieldwork, this research uncovers the authentic narrative of Mexican Jewish life from 1550 to present day. Crypto-Jews established significant communities in New Spain, preserving religious practices despite Inquisitional persecution. Notably, the widely-circulated myth of "Mexican Indian Jews" proves unfounded, with rabbinical investigations confirming no verifiable connection between Mestizo populations and colonial crypto-Jewish ancestors. Modern Jewish communities emerged in the 1830s, expanding substantially after World War I and in response to restrictive U.S. immigration policies. Today, approximately 50,000 Mexican Jews, divided between Ashkenazi and Sephardi traditions, reside primarily in Mexico City, with smaller enclaves in Monterrey, Guadalajara, and Puebla. These communities face significant challenges, including rising intermarriage rates, diminishing Orthodox presence, and continued social separation from mainstream Mexican society. While Mexican Jews contribute substantially to professional sectors, their struggle to maintain religious identity and cultural continuity reveals the complex dynamics of minority religious communities in contemporary Mexico.