Jewish peoplehood represents a unique historical phenomenon that has maintained collective consciousness for two millennia without a state - a reality that profoundly shapes Israel's contemporary challenges. In "Israel and the Crisis of Western Civilization," Eliezer Livneh, a former socialist leader and kibbutz movement secretary, examines the complex relationship between Jewish identity, the State of Israel, and modern Western society. Through critical analysis of Rabbinic literature and early Zionist texts, Livneh argues that Israel's survival hinges on preserving its distinctive religious and moral civilization while resisting Western cultural assimilation, particularly libertinism, commercialized culture, and permissiveness. His framework positions modern Zionism within an exclusive Jewish historical cycle of dispersion and return, fundamentally distinct from European nationalism. Livneh conceptualizes Israel as a covenanted people with a divine mission to establish social justice and morality, rooted in monotheistic faith and Torah. While his work strengthens Jewish self-identity by illuminating the integral relationship between the people of Israel and the State of Israel, it leaves contemporary political and social challenges unresolved, reflecting the complexity of Israel's modern existence.