This interview with philosopher Horace M. Kallen, conducted by Rabbi Louis Kaplan on the occasion of Kallen's ninetieth birthday, explores the intellectual development and philosophical positions of a key figure in American Jewish thought. Through conversational methodology, the discussion examines Kallen's formative relationships with influential Jewish scholars Solomon Schechter and Joseph Jacobs, who helped transform his initially harsh rejection of Jewish heritage into a more nuanced cultural appreciation. Kallen articulates his fundamental distinction between religious and scientific commitments, arguing that religious commitment involves belief in supernatural intervention while scientific commitment operates through natural processes. The conversation addresses contemporary issues including transcendental meditation, psychical research, and drug-induced mystical experiences, with Kallen maintaining a critical stance toward supernaturalism while acknowledging the human tendency to seek supernatural solutions when empirical methods fail. Regarding cultural pluralism, Kallen advocates for the natural "orchestration" of diverse cultures in American society. His assessment of Israel's future reflects a "Joban" pessimism, viewing the nation's survival as dependent on external intervention amid perpetual conflict. The interview concludes with Kallen's meliorist philosophy, emphasizing ongoing struggle rather than optimistic finality, and his vision for American Jewish communities to maintain cultural commitment through secular means while fostering intergenerational continuity.