Despite Vatican II's landmark Declaration on Non-Christian Religions and its formal repudiation of Jewish guilt for the crucifixion, Cardinal Augustin Bea's influential commentary reveals the persistence of supersessionist theology in Catholic doctrine. Through critical textual analysis of both the Declaration and Bea's interpretative work, this examination exposes the limitations of the Church's revised position on Jewish-Christian relations. While the Declaration explicitly disavows anti-Semitism, fundamental theological assumptions remain firmly entrenched - the Church maintains its exclusive salvific mission, characterizes Judaism as an obsolete preparatory faith, and continues emphasizing Jewish involvement in the crucifixion while downplaying Roman political responsibility. The diplomatic language of interfaith dialogue serves primarily as evangelical opportunity rather than embracing genuine religious pluralism. Though representing incremental progress within Catholic theological boundaries, these reforms fail to address the root causes of historical Christian anti-Judaism, leaving the fundamental religious divide largely intact beneath a veneer of improved relations.