Behind the seemingly simple tale of an elderly Jerusalem woman in S.Y. Agnon's "Tehilla" lies an intricate allegory of Jewish spiritual history, encoded through careful symbolic construction. Close textual analysis and comparative study of biblical and midrashic sources reveal how Agnon transforms his protagonist into a representation of Mother Zion herself, while her former betrothed Shraga emerges as a Moses figure - his yahrzeit aligned with Moses' traditional death date and his very name etymologically linked to divine light. The story's central image of a torn betrothal document operates as a potent metaphor for Israel's breach of covenant with the Torah, with Tehilla's subsequent hardships mirroring the Jewish people's historical tribulations. Through systematic examination of naming patterns, narrative episodes, and ritual elements, the story unfolds as a meditation on spiritual decline, collective memory, and the intertwining of material and spiritual impoverishment in modern Jewish life. This deep symbolic structure, grounded in traditional Jewish literary techniques, elevates the work far beyond its realistic surface into a profound exploration of Jewish historical consciousness.