When Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones proposed that Moses was Egyptian and that Jewish monotheism derived from Egyptian Atonism, they launched an influential yet deeply flawed psychoanalytic interpretation of Hebrew origins. Their theories, presented in Freud's *Moses and Monotheism* (1939) and Jones's "The Birth and Death of Moses" (1957), collapse under rigorous historical and archaeological scrutiny. Through comparative analysis of psychoanalytic claims against biblical and Egyptological evidence, this investigation reveals that both scholars operated without access to original Hebrew and Egyptian sources, relied on outdated nineteenth-century theories, and made critical chronological errors that invalidate their core arguments. While their work attempts to link Jewish monotheism to Pharaoh Ikhnaton's religious reforms, evidence indicates that Hebrew monotheism likely predated and potentially influenced Egyptian religious developments, not vice versa. Egyptian Atonism itself proves to have been a brief monolatrous cult rather than true monotheism. No leading biblical scholar or Egyptologist has endorsed these psychoanalytic interpretations, which ultimately represent an overreach of psychological theory beyond its legitimate scope, failing to satisfy fundamental requirements of historical scholarship.