Responsa from Israel
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Modern Israeli halakhic authorities demonstrate impressive erudition yet struggle to fully address contemporary ethical challenges, as revealed through analysis of seven volumes of *Noam*, the most ambitious Jewish legal project from Israel. Published by Makhon Torah Shlemah under Rabbi M.M. Kasher's supervision, these responsa thoroughly examine practical matters like Manhattan *eruv* construction, refrigerator use on Sabbath, artificial insemination, and military funeral protocols. Systematic review of the volumes shows a consistent tendency toward leniency in family law matters, particularly regarding *agunah* cases, while maintaining traditional positions on ritual observance. However, the responsa notably avoid major ethical and political dilemmas of modern times, including atomic warfare, treatment of minorities, and church-state relations. The methodology, while displaying dialectical skill, lacks historical consciousness and fails to incorporate advances in contemporary Talmudic scholarship. Despite their wealth of learning, these Israeli halakhic responses have not fulfilled expectations for original, bold solutions to modern problems. The evidence suggests that effective halakhic decision-making requires combining deep respect for tradition with penetrating analysis of contemporary challenges, rather than merely echoing precedents.

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Published 1965
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Seymour Siegel