Rolf Hochhuth's "The Deputy" ignited a firestorm across Europe before reaching Broadway in 1964, confronting audiences with an explosive question: Did Pope Pius XII's diplomatic silence during the Holocaust constitute moral failure? Through dramatic criticism, historical analysis, and examination of public response, this investigation reveals a work of significant literary merit compromised by its Broadway adaptation. While the complete text showcases poetic dialogue and compelling characterization, the shortened theatrical production eliminated crucial scenes, diminishing its impact. Hochhuth's meticulous research supports his central argument that Pius XII prioritized political neutrality and anti-Communist objectives over explicit condemnation of Nazi genocide. Despite its controversial nature and artistic limitations, "The Deputy" transcends its historical focus to probe enduring questions about institutional responsibility and moral courage in the face of evil. The intense public debate surrounding the play's performance, including attempted suppression by religious and political groups, underscores both the persistent relevance of these ethical questions and the vital importance of artistic freedom in confronting difficult historical truths.