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He Forbids Her to All a Linguistic Look

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The Hebrew term kiddushin (betrothal) carries deeper implications of ownership and property rights than previously recognized by scholars who interpreted it primarily as a shift toward religious sanctification. Through cognitive linguistic analysis of tannaitic and amoraic texts, this research reveals how the root k-d-sh functions across semantic domains in ways that parallel, rather than replace, traditional acquisition terminology (k-n-h). The Babylonian Talmud's etymology of kiddushin as "he forbids her to all, like that which is sanctified to the Divine" emerges not as a departure from ownership models, but as their specialized extension. By examining how kiddushin operates synonymously with kinyan (acquisition) in rabbinic legal discourse and comparing it to hekdeish (sacred dedication), the analysis demonstrates that both concepts share a fundamental metaphor of exclusive property reservation. This linguistic development continues to shape contemporary Jewish marriage practices and contributes to persistent halakhic challenges, particularly regarding agunot (anchored wives unable to obtain religious divorces). The findings suggest that meaningful reform of Jewish marriage concepts must address these foundational ownership metaphors rather than attempt surface-level reinterpretation of existing terminology.

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    Gail Labovitz