Ancient voices grappling with mortality and divine justice echo through Psalm 90, a sophisticated poetic dialogue traditionally attributed to an aging Moses. Through close textual analysis of the psalm's three-part structure—mortality (verses 1-6), anger (verses 7-11), and request (verses 12-17)—distinctive patterns emerge in this meditation on human finitude and divine relationships. Literary criticism reveals an intricate five-fold inclusio framework, strategic word repetitions, and rich intertextual connections spanning Torah, Prophets, and Writings. The psalm's central anger section manifests psychological projection as its elderly speaker attributes human frustration to divine wrath against sinfulness, while the final section's repetitive demands for recompense reflect deep concern for future generations. The methodology focuses on analyzing the psalm as an independent unit, uncovering sophisticated poetic techniques that frame existential questions within monotheistic commitment. This interpretation demonstrates how Psalm 90 stands uniquely within the Psalter, capturing an aging leader's struggle to maintain faith while challenging divine justice—a tension that explains its enduring liturgical significance and showcases the sophisticated integration of theological questioning with literary artistry.