Jewish ethical principles offer crucial guidance for navigating the moral complexities of human genetic engineering - supporting beneficial medical applications while warning against the dangers of genetic determinism. Drawing on historical analysis of Nazi eugenic practices, Jewish halakhic sources, and contemporary bioethical debates, this research explores the tension between genetic "improvement" and human dignity. Through examination of Talmudic prohibitions against sterilization as paradigmatic cases, the analysis reveals how Jewish tradition simultaneously endorses human participation in "perfecting" creation while maintaining strict boundaries against practices that compromise fundamental human equality or reproductive autonomy. The devastating consequences of Nazi racial science and American eugenic movements demonstrate how genetic reductionism violates core principles of inalienable human rights by making genetic characteristics determinative of moral worth. While genetic knowledge holds great promise for treating diseases, its application to eliminate diversity or determine human value poses significant ethical risks. Jewish ethical frameworks provide essential guardrails by emphasizing individual responsibility, environmental factors in human development, and the inherent divine image in all humans, regardless of genetic characteristics or disabilities.