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Response to Ellen Umansky

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This response examines Ellen Umansky's proposal for developing a theology of Conservative Judaism grounded in the concept of k'lal Yisrael (the totality of the Jewish people). The analysis employs data from the North American Study of Conservative Synagogues and Their Members (1995-96) to evaluate contemporary American Jewish attitudes toward religious belief and practice. The methodology combines theological critique with empirical survey data to assess the viability of Umansky's thesis. Key findings reveal a significant generational divide: while young Jews approaching bar/bat mitzvah overwhelmingly affirm the importance of believing in God, nearly half of their parents consider belief in God non-central to Jewish identity. Additionally, converts to Judaism demonstrate significantly higher levels of theological commitment compared to those born Jewish, suggesting that outsider perspectives may enhance religious discourse within Conservative communities. The study confirms critic Alfred Kazin's assertion that American Jews prioritize belonging over believing, exhibiting more tribal than religious orientations. However, the research supports Umansky's argument that incorporating previously unheard voices—particularly women and converts—into theological discourse could revitalize Conservative Jewish theology. The analysis concludes that grounding Conservative theology in an evolving understanding of k'lal Yisrael offers a promising pathway for reconnecting the community with transcendent concerns while maintaining connection to historical sources and traditions.

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    Published 1999

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    Barry Cytron