Conservative Judaism stands at a crossroads eerily reminiscent of Spanish Jewry's crisis before the 1492 expulsion, facing existential questions about authenticity, authority, and survival. Drawing on historical parallels and theological analysis, this investigation reveals how Conservative Judaism's intellectual foundations—particularly its reliance on Wissenschaft des Judentums, Positive Historical Judaism, and religious pluralism—have proven inadequate for sustaining religious commitment in contemporary America. Through comparative historical analysis and theological examination, the research identifies critical vulnerabilities: an over-dependence on historical criticism rather than divine authority, an increasingly problematic "tradition and change" framework, and diminishing Jewish loyalty amid rising intermarriage rates. While Conservative Judaism's emphasis on critical methodology and ethnic associationalism served past generations well, these approaches now fall short in providing compelling reasons for Jewish continuity. A theological reformulation centered on "Shutafo" (divine-human partnership) offers a promising path forward, providing the transcendent purpose and cosmic urgency necessary for renewal. The findings support a "radical center" approach that explicitly embraces theistic partnership as the foundation for study, observance, and community engagement—offering Conservative Judaism a substantive response to questions of religious meaning and continuity in modern America.