Rabbi Jacob Bernard Agus envisioned Judaism as a universal spiritual quest rather than merely an exercise in ethnic preservation - a radical position that challenged both fundamentalist and nationalist Jewish movements of his era. His final essay collection, *The Jewish Quest*, articulates a sophisticated philosophical framework for modern Jewish identity that remains relevant to contemporary religious challenges. Through systematic examination of fifteen essays, this analysis reveals Agus's fierce opposition to religious absolutism and ethnic nationalism, while documenting his pioneering advocacy for continuous revelation, evolving ritual practices, and meaningful interfaith dialogue. Agus conceptualized both American and Israeli Jewish expressions as equally valid centers of Jewish life, united in their mission to establish God's kingdom through universal ethics rather than tribal loyalty. His writings grapple with a persistent tension between universalist aspirations and particularist Jewish commitments, even as he acknowledged his limited influence on mass Jewish consciousness. While Agus's theoretical framework lacks detailed implementation strategies, his philosophical legacy offers modern Jewish communities a compelling model for maintaining sophisticated critical engagement with tradition while advancing universal peace and interfaith cooperation.