A longstanding theological controversy between the sages Rav and Samuel reveals two radically different models for understanding redemption in the Passover Haggadah. While traditional interpretation has reconciled their positions as complementary views of physical versus spiritual liberation, close analysis of their biblical source texts reveals a more fundamental divide. Through examination of biblical incipits in Deuteronomy 6:21-23 and Joshua 24, alongside analysis of how textual scope shapes themes of condemnation and praise, distinctive theological paradigms emerge. Samuel's approach, beginning with "We were slaves," presents a theocentric model emphasizing Israel's passive dependence on divine grace. In contrast, Rav's position, opening with "Our fathers were idolators," offers a covenantal framework that affirms human moral autonomy and theological dignity. Based on Joshua 24, Rav's Haggadah uniquely frames redemption as a process requiring human agency and moral choice, departing from the traditional Haggadah's focus on divine intervention alone. Though ultimately subordinated to the slavery-Exodus motif in rabbinic tradition, Rav's covenantal paradigm offers greater theological resonance for contemporary Jews in democratic societies by incorporating moral awareness, autonomy, and personal responsibility into the religious experience.