The Second Vatican Council's 1965 declaration *Nostra Aetate* marked a revolutionary shift in Catholic relations with other religions, particularly Judaism, yet left crucial theological questions unresolved. Through systematic analysis of magisterial documents, papal statements, and episcopal pronouncements from 1965-1985, a clear evolution emerges in how Church leadership interpreted and expanded upon the declaration's initial ambiguities. Comparative textual analysis of official Church documents reveals significant progression in three key areas: the recognition of non-Christian religions as salvific realities rather than mere missionary targets; the development of non-conversionist dialogue frameworks distinguishing evangelization from proclamation; and transformative advances in Catholic-Jewish relations through the 1975 Vatican Guidelines and 1985 Notes on catechesis. Post-conciliar teaching progressively addressed *Nostra Aetate's* original limitations by explicitly condemning antisemitism, acknowledging post-biblical Jewish religious tradition, recognizing the Holocaust's significance, and affirming Jewish peoplehood and connection to the Land of Israel. While fundamental questions about covenant theology and religious pluralism remain open, the trajectory of official Church teaching demonstrates an irreversible commitment to Jewish-Christian reconciliation and interfaith dialogue, representing a revolutionary transformation in Catholic theology and practice.