Can ancient Jewish rationalism, with its vision of an impersonal cosmic order, be reconciled with traditional Jewish religious practice? Lenn Evan Goodman's *Monotheism: A Philosophic Inquiry into the Foundations of Theology and Ethics* stands as the most sophisticated modern attempt to revive the cosmocentric tradition of Jewish philosophical thought. Drawing on thinkers from Philo through Spinoza, Goodman envisions God as an absolute perfection devoid of personal properties like will or knowledge - a striking departure from both traditional Jewish theology and the Kantian emphasis on human-centered reality. Through critical theological analysis of Goodman's metaphysical framework, significant tensions emerge between his rationalist approach and core Jewish concepts of prayer, revelation, and commandments (*mitzvot*). While Goodman's philosophical architecture is rigorously constructed, his rejection of divine personality creates fundamental challenges - without divine will or creation, religious commandments risk becoming mere metaphors rather than divine imperatives, potentially severing the God-human relationship central to classical Judaism. Despite these theological difficulties, Goodman's work elevates contemporary Jewish philosophical discourse to exceptional heights, presenting an intellectual challenge that demands serious engagement from modern Jewish thinkers grappling with questions of rationalism and religious tradition.