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A Proposal for the Text of the Ketubbah

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A longstanding ethical dilemma confronts Conservative rabbis: how to handle the traditional ketubbah designation of betulta (virgin) when demographic data shows widespread premarital sexual relationships and cohabitation among American Jewish youth. Through analysis of 67 Cairo Geniza ketubbah fragments studied by M.A. Friedman, an alternative emerges from medieval Jewish practice - the Aramaic term panyeta, meaning "single" or "unmarried," appears in four historical documents. This precedent offers a solution that shifts focus from personal conduct to legal marital status, addressing both rabbinical concerns about truthfulness and the need to avoid stigmatizing couples. The proposed terminology change, now adopted as a minority opinion by the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly, provides rabbis with a halakhically grounded pathway to bridge traditional Jewish legal principles with contemporary social realities. The research demonstrates how careful philological analysis of historical documents can yield practical solutions for modern religious challenges.

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    Published 1983

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    Robert Gordis