A Midrash for Hanukkah Introduction And
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Hidden within a tenth-century CE Jewish text lies an extraordinary collection of Hanukkah stories that spotlight women as the true heroes of Jewish resistance. These midrashic narratives, compiled specifically for reading during the Sabbath of Hanukkah, reveal a striking pattern: while men shrink from Greek oppression, female figures emerge as courageous defenders of their faith, echoing biblical heroines like Jael, Deborah, and the Israelite midwives. Through comparative textual analysis of A. Jellinek's division from Beit HaMidrash, this research examines three main narrative sections alongside related Hebrew texts including Macaseh Yehudit. The homiletic structure incorporates traditional elements - proems from the Prophets, citations from the Writings, and eschatological conclusions - while weaving in cosmological concepts of sefirot and zimzum. Analysis reveals these accounts as distinctly Hebrew versions preserved through oral tradition after the loss of original Hebrew sources, developing independently from Greek Apocryphal versions. Despite minor variations across different tellings, the remarkable consistency of core narrative elements supports the sustained oral transmission of Jewish traditions from antiquity until their medieval documentation in midrashic form.

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Bernard Mehlman