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The Satan and Rabbi Yizhak Revisited

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Did Rabbi Yizhak truly believe the shofar's blast could confuse Satan, or was he speaking metaphorically about human adversaries? Challenging Rabbi Abramowitz's rationalist interpretation of the term *varbev hasatan* in *Rosh Hashanah* 16b, systematic analysis reveals that Rabbi Yizhak and his Palestinian contemporaries consistently used *satan* and *hasatan* to reference supernatural beings, not mortal enemies. Comparative study of contemporaneous rabbinic literature, including works by Rabbi Hiya bar Abba and Rabbi Ilai, demonstrates literal usage patterns referring to demonic entities. Rabbi Yizhak's statement emerges from a third-century Palestinian rabbinic culture that readily accepted angels, demons, and protective rituals. Supporting this interpretation, cross-cultural examination of Greco-Roman and ancient Near Eastern traditions documents widespread belief in noise-making as demon-repelling practice, particularly during New Year celebrations. The evidence conclusively establishes that Rabbi Yizhak's original statement refers to confusing Satan in the supernatural sense, reflecting authentic rabbinic worldview rather than requiring modern rationalization. This analysis emphasizes the importance of objective historical methodology over apologetic interpretation.

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    Published 1982

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    David Golinkin