Jewish communities worldwide gather every twenty-eight years to perform birkat hahammah (blessing of the sun), yet this ancient ritual faces modern scrutiny over its astronomical accuracy, historical origins, and theological implications. Through analysis of Talmudic texts, medieval commentaries by Rashi and Maimonides, and Solomon Gandz's historical scholarship, this halakhic investigation addresses three critical challenges to the practice: its perceived ahistorical nature, reliance on outdated astronomical calculations, and potential misalignment with monotheistic principles. The findings reveal that birkat hahammah's contemporary spiritual significance transcends its historical astronomical foundations, aligning with Rabbi Louis Ginzberg's assertion that a ritual's evolution matters more than its origins. Rather than constituting sun worship, the practice serves as a powerful affirmation of divine supremacy over nature, demonstrating how Jewish customs can be meaningfully reinterpreted while preserving their essential character. The research illuminates the crucial role of rabbinical leadership in guiding communities toward meaningful spiritual interpretations of traditional practices, while affirming women's full participation in the ritual without restriction.