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The Satan and Rabbi Yizhak

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The cryptic talmudic phrase "to confuse the Satan" during Rosh Hashanah's shofar ritual has long been misinterpreted through a supernatural lens, obscuring its historical significance as a strategic response to persecution. Rabbi Yizhak's statement in the Babylonian Talmud, when compared with Rabbi Yohanan's parallel account in the Yerushalmi, reveals that "Satan" served as a coded reference to actual adversaries who viewed the shofar's blast as a potential call to rebellion. Through comparative analysis of talmudic sources and examination of biblical and midrashic texts where "Satan" consistently denotes earthly enemies rather than mystical beings, this research reconstructs the historical context that necessitated modifications to the ceremony's timing. The practice of dual shofar blowing during both shaharit and musaf emerged as a protective measure, allowing Jews to maintain their religious observance while avoiding confrontation with hostile forces. This historical recontextualization challenges the supernatural elements later incorporated into traditional prayer books and highlights the ritual's true significance as a testament to Jewish resilience under threat.

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    Published 1981

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    Mayer Abramowitz